Guest post

Hi Friends- I did a guest post on my publisher's blog and I thought you all might enjoy the post!

Here's the URL: http://networkedblogs.com/LgBAz

If you can't access it there, let me know. I will be sure to send it to you :)

Back in the USA

Sorry for the radio silence-

I am officially back in the USA and won’t be returning to Haiti for a while now. I came home in time for Mother’s Day and my mom’s birthday, and am planning to begin to support Haiti from the US. My fellowship officially ends on June 1^st, and for the next two weeks I will be preparing to help with Westminster’s “Haiti celebration”, a big event we are throwing to talk about Haiti with everyone who is involved with the mission here in Pittsburgh.

I have had a nice time re-entering my life here in the US. I thought it would be difficult, but so far it hasn’t been too difficult. The operative term in that sentence is “so far”, it might be difficult over the next few weeks, but for right now its not too bad.

I will continue blogging, but for the time being I think I will be writing from another blog. I want this blog to be focused on all things Haiti. I have loved keeping this blog, not only has it given me great practice as a writer but it has been a great place to reflect on my time in Haiti. If I write anything on Haiti I will be sure to post it here, but my next writing adventure will be on another site (I’ll post the URL here when the site is ready).

Thanks for being such a great audience! I’ve loved writing this, and I’ll hope to continue anytime Haiti comes in the news.

Teaching English

For the past three weeks I’ve been teaching my own English class. I am teaching a class within the Bright Morning Star English Club (colloquially known as BMSEC) and I am specifically working with the advanced students, helping them improve their conversational English. The class is taught twice a week for an hour after school. I know enough Creole to manage the class pretty well, but I instruct the students in English mostly. I think (or at least I hope) the student have improved their English speaking and writing abilities. I have enjoyed teaching the class, and the experience has been an interesting foray into the world of Haitian education.

I have never taught in a public school, but I spent a decent amount of time teaching SAT prep for the Princeton Review and teaching computer classes for Project Easton, so I like to think that I was not totally unprepared for the class. I am also a fluent English speaker, and I like to think (though some of you may disagree) that I can make conversation pretty well. The actual teaching of English was not too difficult. Though limited, my Haitian Creole did help me better understand why the students made some of the mistakes they made. Haitian Creole does not really have a word that means at. Where we would use the word at, the Haitians use the term “nan”, which best translates to the word in. This was confusing for the students, because they couldn’t really differentiate between the two ideas. They would often use at when they were supposed to use in, and vice versa. Haitian Creole also doesn’t really have a term that means to be, and there fore don’t have a verb like “is”. The students knew to put the verb am after I, or is after he, but they struggled when working with other pronouns. “The school good”, or sentences like that were quite frequent. Haitian Creole also has a limited vocabulary, and thus has to use idiomatic phrases much more than we do when speaking English. The term “vire dwat” means turn right (“vire” translating to turn, and “dwat” translating to right), but ale dwat (ale translating to go) means go straight. The word dwat has an entirely different meaning depending on the word before it. These types of linguistic differences posed certain problems, but I was fortunate because I had the advanced students, many of whom had been speaking English for quite some time. The better prepared students were able to help the less experienced students grasp these differences.

The much more difficult part of teaching English was the classroom management. Like American High School students, Haitian high school students can be pretty rowdy, especially around their friends. I try to be “respectfully authoritative”, I’m not too harsh but I let the students know that I am in charge and that I will be quick to call them out when they are out of line. This worked pretty well at first, until one student began to give me a little more trouble than I expected. This student was one of the best students in the English club and he was answering the questions I was asking the other students. I couldn’t get anyone to give their own answer because this student was consistently answering before the other students had a chance to speak. I was getting perturbed, and after the third interruption, I told the student that the next time he spoke I would kick him out. Without fail, the next student I called on wasn’t able to say so much as a syllable in English until the disruptive student blurted out the answer. I told the student that he had to leave, and then the other students started to cheer me on. I was a little confused with the situation but I wasn’t going to give up any ground as I firmly pointed to the door.

I took a step closer to the student and right as he went to get up, his friend next to him quickly jumped up and whipped off his belt. Now at this point I was totally confused. I had one defiant student who was beginning to listen to me, I have a class cheering me on as I discipline him, and now I have another student whipping off his belt. The disruptive student saw his friend (these two students were quite good friends I might add) and shot up out of his seat. They were sitting at a bench, so there were bodies moving around in all directions and the bench almost fell down on me.

I did everything I could to keep a straight face, but I couldn’t help but be scared from the peaceful class I was confidently in control of turning into the Roman Coliseum in sixty seconds.

What I soon realized was happening was that the student removing his belt was encouraging me to hit the disruptive student with his belt, and the other students were cheering me on to hit him. Now I am so politically correct that during almost my entire first year of college I never used the term “freshman” because it could be perceived as sexist. There was no chance in heaven or in hell that I was going to hit this kid, but I had the entire class cheering me on to give him a hard whack. This put me in a very difficult position. In order to teach these students I would need them to respect my authority, but I was unwilling to do the one thing that most Haitian teachers did to assert their authority. I refused to hit anyone.

I would like to think my authoritative stare was the push that caused the disruptive student to back down, though in reality it was probably the fact that the class was cheering for his hind side to meet the business end of a belt. Fortunately there was not too much time left in class, and after wrapping up with the last few questions I dismissed the class.

Sandy, one of the people who oversees all of the work that I do here, once said that certain aspects of Haitian culture are reminiscent of America back in the 1950’s. This would be one of those times. A teacher in the US can get fired for hitting a child, but here it is commonplace, so commonplace that I almost lost the respect of my class for not doing it. I feel that part of this cultural disparity is rooted in the stark poverty of so many Haitians, and that as the poverty subsides, people will begin to adopt less harsh practices of discipline. As for now I just have to keep a stern face and make sure the students respect my regardless of the consequences.

Guest post!

Hi Friends!

I have been blogging at a few other places and most recently I posted at bibledude.net. This site is run by one of the people helping me with my book, Dan King. Dan is doing a month about short term missions, and his friend and fellow writer Amy Sullivan who is organizing some of the posts asked me to write a post entitled "six ways to ruin a mission trip":

From experience, here are six ways to ruin a mission trip: https://bibledude.net/6-ways-to-ruin-a-mission-trip/

Enjoy!

Haiti Day speech

I have just signed up to speak at Westminster on their Haiti Celebration day, and today I wrote the beginning of my speech. I would love to get your thoughts on what I should say. I don't have a conclusion, but I would love any thoughts you might have on what I've written so far.

The Trouble with Candy in Haiti

Good evening everyone and thank you all for joining us for the wonderful celebration. I am so glad to see so many of you here.

I spent this past year working at the La Croix New Testament Mission and I was able to gain a unique perspective on the activities at the mission. I had the rare opportunity to see the affect we as American volunteer have on the broader La Croix community. I saw the community before, during, and after each group of volunteers came and could get a feel for what worked well, and what we can improve upon. One of the most interesting phenomena I noticed was how giving out candy to the kids changed their impression of the work we were doing. (I don’t like this sentence, if you have any remarks I’d love to hear them)

In Haiti there is, what I call, a culture of handouts. Many of the Haitians see Americans as people who come down just to give them stuff, like an unlimited ATM machine. For many of the Haitians we know who work at the mission this culture does apply, but we have all experienced this at one time or another when we’ve left the compound and ventured outside of the mission. We’ve all had children come up to us saying “give me candy” and walk away from us when we don’t give them any. When some of the medical teams were here providing mobile clinics, some people came without any significant ailments and demanded medicine. At one mobile clinic there was almost a riot. During my last month at the mission, almost every time I would go out for an afternoon hike, I would pass someone who could bluntly say to me “give me some money” or “ban m’sa” “give me that”. This culture of handouts is not something we caused and is not the fault of the Haitian people. The Haitian people are simply reacting to one of the unfortunate of symptoms of the mismanaged aid that has been dispensed all over Haiti.

Pastor Pierre and the La Croix New Testament Mission do an excellent job fighting this culture. If Pastor Pierre finds someone charging his or her cell phone in the church, he confiscates it. When people come up to him and ask for food and he sees that they have a cell phone, he tells them to sell the cell phone before he will give them food. Pastor Pierre asks every student pay a small nominal fee to show their commitment to their schooling, and if the student cannot pay Pastor Pierre asks that they volunteer for the school, paying with “sweat equity”. I have seen Pastor Pierre fight this culture first hand and I have an incredible respect for his work. This is not an easy culture to fight, but through grit and determination the mission has been able to help so many people people come out of poverty and become self sufficient members of the community.

When we come down to volunteer at the La Croix New Testament mission, we have to think about how our actions play into this culture. Is the work we do helping people climb out of poverty and become self sufficient, or are we contributing to this culture of handouts? Is there a way that we reconfigure our activities so we can better combat this culture? Unfortunately, from what I have witnessed, giving out candy usually contributes to this culture. This is not true in all aspects, and giving out candy does not do any major permanent damage, but on many occasions I have noticed that some children were less engaged in certain activities the weeks after a group came and indiscriminately gave out candy. The children would come to certain activities expecting to get something, and when they found out there was no hand out, they left.

Giving out candy in and of itself seems innocent enough, and its overall affect on the community is minimal, but it contributes to a culture that is detrimental to Haiti’s well being. In order for people to get out of the cycle of poverty they have to be able to provide for themselves, they have to be able to make their own way and get to a place where they can provide for themselves and their families. This culture of handouts discourages people from working hard in order to provide for themselves, and encourages people to stay in poverty.

I do not want to condemn all handouts or all projects involving some type of handout. Every project is different, and overall the mission has been incredibly successful helping people pull themselves out from the cycle of poverty. To emphasize my point, I wanted to take this time to highlight a few successful projects that combat the culture of handouts and have contributed to ending the cycle of poverty.

The La Croix New Testament Mission School: The school offers children an opportunity to redirect their futures. A child born to subsistence farmers does not stand much of a chance of gaining any employable skills on is or her own, and is slated to become a subsistence farmer and continue in the cycle of poverty. The school offers these children a chance to gain skills they can use to find a gainful employment beyond the farm.

Pastor Pierre does a great job combating the culture of handouts by demanding that each child pay 500 HGD (about $12) to attend school each year. Pastor Pierre does not demand that each student pay this fee in cash and will gladly accept a student’s sweat equity, or work the student does in service to the mission. The payment can also be made over time. This ensures the parents as well as the students are committed to the education and are not just using the school as free babysitting. No child will be denied an opportunity to receive an education, but each child must commit to his or her education. Each child must work hard to advance through the school. The students are given a meal each day, which ensures that they will not go hungry, but they have to come to the school in order to receive the meal. In order for a student to gain anything from their experience in school, they have to dedicate themselves to their studies.

The Wells: Every time Pastor Pierre drills a well for a community, he asks that every member of that community pay a small monthly fee to the mission to cover the maintenance of the well. Even though this fee does not cover all of the well’s maintenance costs, it forces the people to take responsibility for their community resources. The people now have a sense of ownership over the well, and see it as a resource that will serve them indefinitely if they are able to care for it. If we just gave them a well with no strings attached, they would probably see it as a one time gift that will eventually fall into disrepair.

Pastor Pierre also appoints a member of the community to oversee the well’s care, lock up the well during certain hours so it does not suffer from over use, and will report any major problems back to Pastor Pierre. This person is a consistent presence reminding people to care for the well.

Meet Your Meat

Before I go any further with this post, I want to warn you all that I am going to be talking about some of the culinary adventures I had this past week. These adventures involve some of the less appetizing aspects of food production, so if you have a light stomach you may want to proceed with caution. 

A few weeks ago when I came back from fund raising in the US, I asked Jazumen (one of the cooks here) if she could prepare some goat meat for me. I had eaten a little bit of goat before hand, but seeing that it is the national dish of Haiti, I figured that I should have it prepared in an authentic Haitian style. I was more curious than anything, and I figured I would have one good meal before I came back to the US. Jazumen didn’t say anything about it, and I didn’t want to be pushy, so I didn’t ask a second time and figured I’d just have to wait to eat some goat.

I hadn’t thought too much about the goat until yesterday when Jazumen came to my door and wanted to show me the goat she had bought for me. I was a little confused, but I attributed it to my poor language ability. I was thinking, “She wants to show me the goat? Why do I need to see a piece of meat? Maybe it was something else she needed to show me? Maybe she wanted me to ok the cuts of meat she bought?”. It was not a miss in translation, she brought me out to the school yard where there was a living and breathing goat munching on some of the weeds.

When she said “can you see the goat”, I had one of those intuitive “uh-oh” feelings you get when you know something isn’t right but you can’t put your finger on what is wrong. I passed by Edven’s office on the way down and I asked him to come along with me. Edvens would be able to translate everything perfectly, and he is also very good at preventing me from saying something that would be offensive to a Haitian. Sure enough Jazumen brought me to a little goat just hanging out in the school yard, chomping away on a few weeds. I thought that this goat might be for someone to take home, but I then saw that it was a boy, and realized that she had bought it for my dinner. She asked me if I thought it was ok?

At this point I felt confused and a bit guilty, not only was I looking my dinner in the eye, but I had never intended for Jazumen to go to all the trouble of buying an actual living breathing goat for me. I figured she could get a few goat steaks (or whatever cuts of meat goat is sold as) at a supermarket and then cook them up for dinner one night. I know how much trouble it is to buy a goat at the market, and when I go I have a huge truck that I can pile the goat into once I’ve purchased it. She would have probably had to bring the goat back to the mission on a tap-tap. I had never meant for her to do all this for me.

I was also a bit confused, when someone says “how does this goat look?” what do you say in response? Every time I go to a restaurant and order a bottle of wine and the waiter asks me to sample the bouquet, I never have any idea what to taste for. I felt even worse at this point, because wine doesn’t look you in the eye when you check to see if it is ok.

I told Jazumen that I felt badly that she had to go to so much trouble, and she said that she was honored to do this for me. I was a bit confused at first, but after talking with Edvens about it, he said that she was honored that I asked her. It was implying that I had respect for her and her cooking. She was very excited to cook the goat. Jazumen takes great pride in her work, and I think that she my asking her to prepare the goat was a sign that I held her in high regard. She prepared it today and put everything in the freezer. I declined to watch the goat being prepared, though I did catch the pieces of the goat being brought up to the kitchen.

I thought this would be the end of my culinary adventures, but I was wrong. Every few days Jazumen makes me some chicken that I can mix into my rice and beans. Usually she just fries the meat, but today she broiled it and mixed it in with some hot sauce. The chicken was good, though it was much gamier than any chicken I had eaten before. I soon realized that what Jazumen had cooked me was rooster. Rooster meat is much gamier than hen meat and is much tougher to eat. Rooster meat almost tastes like quail or game hen. We don’t eat it in the US because its not as tender and juicy as chicken meat. I didn’t mind it, but I thought it was a rather appropriate way to finish one of the more bizarre culinary experiences of my life.

This whole experience did make me think how lucky we are in the US to have the food that we have. Most Haitians don’t eat very much meat and many are protein deficient because of it. Not only is meat more expensive than most food here, but there is no way for the average Haitian to keep meat. Almost no one can afford a refrigerator, and even if they could the electricity is so inconsistent that it wouldn’t do a very good job keeping anything cold and fresh. The Haitians can eat chicken every now and then, and if they go to the city they can eat some of the meat that is sold on the street. There are some people who search out some “alternative” meats. Pastor Pierre has told me about some people who bring alcohol up the mountain and dump it in the holes in the rocks. This some how brings out the lizards who live in the rocks. Once the lizards are out in the open and intoxicated, the people hunting them catch them, kill them, and then eat them. Yet despite these more creative attempts to find meat, most days the average Haitian diet doesn’t include anything but rice, beans, and whatever other small vegetables can be found.

I feel very lucky to be born into the family that I was born into. Not only are my parents wonderful people, but I was born in a country where I don’t have to kill my dinner. Even though I am not very wealthy, I can afford to eat a balanced diet without too much trouble. I don’t have to worry about where my next meal is going to come from, I don’t have to worry about the next time I will be able to eat meat, and I can always rest assured that I will have food to eat. I am going to eat the goat on Tuesday when I can share it with the rest of my friends here, and all I can hope for now is that it tastes good.

It works!

So this goat might not look like success, but I was thrilled to see him today. We were giving away goats today and a family came to the mission with a goat. I didn't notice the family come in, so I didn't think much of it, but when Edvens tied up the goat he told me that this goat was not one we bought at the market but was rather given to us by a family.

Why would a family give us a goat? When each family is given a goat, they sign a contract with us agreeing to give us one of the goat's offspring, and this family was fulfilling their duty. Edvens does a fantastic job with the families explaining the policy to them, but today I was thrilled to see that it really works out. The families really do meet our expectations.

So why is this important? Obviously its a great asset to the mission because we can continue to give out goats without having to purchase more goats*. That said, there is something else to the design of the program that makes the goat "give back" meaningful.

Families in rural Haiti (and in most of Haiti for that matter) do not have access to any form of formal credit. A report by the Clinton Global initiative indicated that 90% of Haitian families do not have a bank account, so in order to store money they have to either keep cash hidden under their mattress or keep something of value that can be sold at a later date (like a cow or goat). Keeping cash in the home is very difficult for most Haitians and can lead to serious problems. A goat or cow can retain value without the complications of cash. This practice of keeping animals as a type of savings account is common throughout the developing world. When I was back at Lafayette last winter I spoke with one of my favorite professors, David Stifel, who had just come back from a one year fellowship in Ethiopia, and he said that families in rural Ethiopia kept animals for the same reason Haitian families kept animals.

Out hope for this project is that the goats and cow that we give can act as an "investment". We only buy young female goats and cows that are able to reproduce for years to come. The hope of the donated animal is that it will continue to have offspring so the family can use it as a type of "living" trust fund that throws off interest every year in the form of two or three young goats or cows. 

 

The only problem with this is that the family, or rather someone in the family with lower ideals, might take the goat or the cow and sell it for some immediate pleasure right after we give it to them. I can see a bad situation where we give a family a goat and then the father of that family takes the goat and sells it right away to pay for alcohol. This is not what we want. We want the family to use the goat or cow as a fund to pay for things like education and medical care. Even though the families sign a contract and we do everything we can to encourage them to respect the intentions of our gift, this doesn't physically stop someone in the family from selling the goat right after we give it to them.

 

I was nervous about this, but Edvens and Pastor Pierre reassured me that it would not be a problem. Today I saw the proof that families use this goat as a step up, out of poverty. This was incredibly reassuring. Edvens said that there are many more goats to come in the near future.  

 

Before I finish I want to thank Edvens for all of his hard work on this project. He does a fantastic job with the families and I believe the success of the program can be, in large part, accredited to his ability to work with the families when they receive the goat. Thank you Eddy

 

 

*if you bought a goat, the goat that is donated in your name will be a goat that we purchased in the market, not a goat that we received from a family in fulfillment of their obligation to us.

A New Appreciation for Chicken

Chickens are generally viewed as farm animals without a whole lot of use. They can produce eggs, and they will eventually become chicken nuggets or chicken sandwiches, but beyond that there is not a whole lot was can do with them. Or so I thought!

One of the problems the mission has is that there are a bunch of cockroaches that scurry around in the kitchen and the halls. Not only do they dirty everything they crawl on, but they’re gross. They rarely come into my room, probably because they’ve seen the rather unfortunate results of the few who have ventured there, but they are in the kitchen and the hall, and now with the warmer and damper weather, they seem to be multiplying. More and more are scurrying around the halls at night, and even though my shoe can keep a few from venturing into my bedroom, it can’t do much else.

The mission needs an effective way to deal with the roaches. The traditional American solution, getting an exterminator, is out because Haiti doesn’t have any exterminators. The mission can put out roach traps, but their affect is limited and unless we have every group of volunteers bring more roach traps, they won’t have a significant impact on the roach problem. The fewer people who bring traps the better, every additional pound of traps brought down by volunteers means one less pound of hammers, books, computers and other more useful things. The other problem with roach traps is that they have to be disposed of in some way. Haiti doesn’t have an effective garbage collection system, so the traps would have to either be burned or dumped in a vacant lot. There are many environmental problems with dumping poisonous roach traps into a vacant area, the most significant of which being that someone’s animal (and savings account) could mistakenly eat it and die. So what is the mission to do? Should we just learn to deal with them and carry a heavy shoe where ever we go?

One afternoon when I was getting my lunch ready I came out to the porch outside of my room to see a chicken wandering around. The mission keeps a few chickens around in the garden, and they occasionally wander outside of it when school is not in session. I figured that this chicken must have been on the lam for quite some time because she had managed to get herself to the second story of the mission. There is only one entrance to the second story and it is probably one hundred feet from the garden with a few obstacles in between. The chickens here are pretty friendly and so I didn’t think too much of the chicken until I saw it jump forward and begin to peck vigorously at the ground. What was this crazy chicken doing? I wasn’t 100% sure if the chicken would attack my foot if it got close enough, but in the name of an entertaining story I crept forward. I saw the chicken quickly dash forward again and leap down on a cockroach.

I thought this chicken had wandered up to around my room by accident, but the chicken was actually being quite smart. The chicken must have somehow stumbled upon the many colonies of bugs that live around the mission, and made her way up to our level for dinner. The chicken was jumping around and eating any cockroach that dared jump out into the open. She would jump out and go for the kill. The chicken was great, she was pretty small so she could get in some of the small nooks where the bugs hid, and she was fast. The cockroaches didn’t stand a chance.

This lesson is one the most important lessons Haiti has taught me; success has no formula. If something works, it works. Even if a solution does not look good or is not “conventional” doesn’t mean it can’t adequately address a problem. When I first came to Haiti my vision for success was not a Haitian picture but an American picture. I envisioned a technical school very similar to something I would have seen in Pittsburgh, a standard school that runs during the day and has a job placement service. What I have created is something totally different. The La Croix trade school does not have the normal hours that a trade school in the US would have, the internship and job placement process is much different than it would be in the US, even the teachers are different than I thought they would be. The only thing that this school has in common with a school in the US is that it adequately prepares students with a trade they can use, and that’s what matters. I found a Haitian solution that works for the Haitian people.

This chicken was great. She didn’t cost anything, she didn’t have any poison or release anything harmful into the environment, and most importantly she cut down on the cockroach population. The only issue I have with her is that I can’t easily pick her up and bring her to feast daily. 

My Fury Little Friends

Despite Haiti’s depleted forests and ravaged landscape, I have had some very interesting interactions with animals, both domesticated and wild. I’ve written about the goats, cows, and pigs, but recently I’ve experienced some of Haiti’s other “wild” life.

There is a cat at the mission who I have taken a liking to. Her name is Mimi, though to be fair she doesn’t really have a name, Mimi is the Haitian Creole word for kitty. Haitians don’t keep pets the way Americans do. Any animal that a Haitian keeps must serve a purpose beyond being cute, and most of them are not given names the way we give animals names. Mimi is here at the mission to keep out the rats, and she does a good job because I’ve only seen one rat so far. Mimi will often be found in the kitchen cabinets. She’s not in their by her own accord, rather she is thrown in there by one of the women who works in the kitchen in order to hunt the rats living there. Mimi is very sweet, but she is also pretty scrawny looking. She is about half the size of an average American cat without very much meat on her.

A few weeks ago Mimi had a litter of kittens, and now any time I go walking up the stairs to the roof I hear three high pitched kittens shouting “meow” at me. Now some people don’t care for cats, but I don’t think there is anyone who dislikes kittens. These three kittens, or as I call them “Petit Mimis”, are absolutely adorable and have consumed much of my time in the past few days. They all have bright blue eyes, and are about as playful as any animal I’ve ever seen. They are still getting used to walking, and will regularly slide around, some times spilling out on all fours when walking on the tile floor. They have become comfortable with me and now follow me around. When I go down the three steps from the porch to my room, they hesitantly follow me. They take a few steps, look out on to the stairs, and leap down in an almost cartoon like fashion. I don’t think I’ve ever seen three more adorable animals.

Every night when I am up working, at some point I hear a quiet but shrill “eee-eee-eee”. The noise is never very loud, so I just figured that it was some bird or some small animal outside of my window. When the volunteer groups were here the sound went away, but recently the sound has come back. The other night I was talking with Pastor Evans and I heard it again. I asked him about it and he said that it was a bat. I always knew there were bats around the mission, though I can’t say I was thrilled to learn that they were living right outside of my bedroom. While sitting on the roof late at night, I had seen them occasionally flying around and quietly making noises and finding bugs. There are lots of dark spots in the mission that don’t receive any sun during the day, and that is where the bats perch themselves until night fall when the bats come out to feast on the many insects swarming all over the place. When the mission teams are here they make a lot more noise and emit a lot more light than I do when I am here alone, thus causing the bats try to stay away. Now that I am the only one here, the bats have come back in full force and regularly patrol the halls of the mission at night. Most nights when I am walking up the dark hallway that leads to the porch, I will see some black thing flapping around in the air. The other night I was walking to the bathroom and one just flew right at me. I get a little freaked out by them, but I can’t complain too much because they eat the majority of the bugs that would other wise eat me. The bats are kind of neat to see flying around in the sky. They are not anywhere near as sleek or smooth as I would have expected, they flap around and look almost jumpy as they dance in the night sky.

The other night I was sitting out on the roof and I heard something rustle in the trees. I figured it was a goat or cow below, but it kept moving around, so I flashed my light on it only to see a giant rat staring right back at me. Now I have no idea how the rat got onto the tree, the three is about forty feet in the air, and there are no branches on it except at the very top (the tree is a papaya tree with only papayas on the very top), so I don’t think the rat climbed the tree from the ground. The tree is about two feet from the roof, so I guess the rat could have jumped from the roof onto the tree, but two feet seems like a far distance for a rat to simply jump. The rat rustled around a little more and then disappeared. I have no idea where that rat disappeared to, but I’ve seen Mimi scouring the field below the roof where the tree sits, so I can’t help but wonder if she found him.

There seems to be an infinite amount of flies, bugs, roaches, spiders, and other creepy crawly little creatures constantly scuttling and flying around the mission. The other day a spider who’s body looked to be as big as a quarter waltzed right into my room. I threw my sandal at him and he scurried away. I knew he had come in not because I could see him but because I heard him on the ground. The other bugs are pretty annoying though they don’t do much to gross me out. There are a bunch of moths that constantly flutter around my computer screen and get dirt all over my computer. There are thousands of mosquitoes who swarm around me, but I’ve become quite adept at swatting them and catching them mid air. I’ve lost most any fear I once had of roaches or other big bugs. There are roaches that crawl around the kitchen and the halls outside of my room. I will squish them when I have a shoe hard enough to do the job. There are lizards that slink around the mission gobbling up any insect not fast enough to escape it. I used to think the lizards were kind of gross but now I appreciate them because they eat everything that would otherwise try to eat me.

Haiti is full of surprises, not all of which are human.  

Cultural Space

I’ve been trying to get out as much as possible, and I’ve realized some very interesting differences about Haitian culture. A few weeks ago Shelly wanted to have all of her Haitian friends over for dinner. She was about to leave, and she wanted a chance to say good bye to everyone and thank them for all they had done for her. In the US, a customary thing to do in this event is to invite someone over for dinner. Shelly decided to do this, and I thought it was a really nice idea. The week before she went around and asked everyone to come Thursday night, and she also gave Jazumen (one of the women who cooks here) money to buy chicken, rice, beans, and vegetables for the evening. The night eventually rolled around and both Shelly and I were excited to see everyone. Together we had invited about twenty five people, and we thought that it would be a really fun dinner party where we would get to thank the Haitians who had contributed to our well being the past nine months. This is something I’ve done quite a few times in the US and I thought it would be no different here.

Shelly and I thought we would do the majority of the cooking, since it was our party, but Jazumen and Yvette (the two women who work in the kitchen) would not let us make anything. They didn’t really kick us out, but anytime we went to do something, they would push us out of the way and start doing it themselves. This was not uncommon, when we try to make dinner they usually intervene and end up cooking whatever we are trying to make, but we thought this would be different. First of all we told them that we were cooking, and more importantly, we had invited them. We felt bad asking someone to cook the meal for the party they themselves were attending.

When the women brushed me off in the kitchen, I used to think it was because I was a guy. I figured that they saw the kitchen as their domain and having a man in the kitchen was some broach of cultural conduct. It would kind of be like having a straight man working at a make up counter in the US. After talking with Pastor Pierre about this for a little while after the dinner though, I began to realize there was another aspect of Haitian culture (specifically rural culture) that I had missed up to that point. Jazumen and Yvette both take their jobs very seriously, and they are rare in that they have formal employment. Most Haitians in the rural country don’t have a formal job. They work on their fields and sell the produce, but having a formal job, being employed by someone is a big deal. They didn’t want me doing their job because they took such pride in their job. This is strange for me, because all this time I thought I was doing them a favor by trying to cook for myself, when I might have actually been a bit offensive.

Everyone started arriving at 6:00, and by about 7:00 everyone had come (some people were functioning on Haitian time) and we sat down to eat. There was more than enough rice and beans, and there was just enough chicken. Everyone was very civil, and there was a little chit chat, but most people served themselves and focused on their food. About ten or fifteen minutes passed, and then everyone was finished. This wasn’t a problem, but it wasn’t exactly what Shelly had planned, she wanted to have everyone stick around and chat, but no one really seemed inclined to do so. We took some pictures, and everyone was extremely friendly and perfectly happy to stick around for a little while longer, but it certainly wasn’t the same as it is in the US. In the US dinner parties like these last for hours, this one lasted a little more than an hour.

After clearing the plates (I would have done the dishes but Jazumen and Yvette wouldn’t have wanted me to do that much work in the kitchen) I realized that coming over to dinner isn’t really a thing in Haiti, and there are a few factors of Haitian life that make this the case.

The first factor creating this dynamic is that food is much more scarce in Haiti than in America. Not everyone goes hungry (though there is a high percentage of the rural population that is malnourished), but even those who have money and can afford food don’t have a readily available supply at home. Homes in rural Haiti don’t have refrigerators stocked with food, they don’t have convenient stores within driving distance. The only food they have is few bags of dry goods stored in a small shack located outside of their homes, and those generally need to be prepared. There are some small stands by the road that sell cooked rice or friend plantains, but overall food is much more difficult to come by in Haiti. The types of food that people do eat is also pretty bland. People don’t brag about the nutty flavor of their walnut chicken like they do in the US. Overall food is in Haiti is much more expensive and much less exciting.

The food however was not the only factor creating this cultural difference. Shelly and I both thought about the fact that people don’t have the over abundance of food most Americans have, and figured that breaking bread with our friends would be a really great way to show our appreciation. Even if food isn’t as celebrated, wouldn’t that just emphasize the intention of our gesture, and maybe make the people want to stay longer? For the most part those who came were quite touched that we invited them to break bread with us. After talking with Pastor Pierre for a little while, I think the reason our guests didn’t stick around to socialize was because, unlike Americans, Haitians spend most of their time around other people and very little time in private. Most Haitian Lakous (the collections of Haitian homes) are much more densely populated than American neighborhoods. The Lakou right next to the mission probably occupies the same amount of land that two or three US houses, but has ten or fifteen families living on it, and each family probably has at least four children rather than two or three. The community of Hope, the mission’s housing project, has twelve families living in it, as well as a gain mill and a carpenter’s shop, and the land it sits on is probably only twice the amount of land that my house at home occupies. Every time I walk out of my home in the US, I might see one or two neighbors, but there’s a likely chance I won’t see anyone. If a Haitian walks outside of his or her home, he or she is right in the midst of the ten of twelve other families hanging out. The mud huts that the majority of the population lives in don’t offer much ventilation, and they can get unbearably hot in the mid day sun, so most Haitians spend the majority of their time outside of their homes. I remember walking through a Lakou one day and thinking how much like my freshman year dorm it felt, because everyone was hanging out in the common areas, not in their rooms. Then I remembered the times in college where I felt overwhelmed by never having a minute to myself, and I realized that this is the life of most Haitians. If they want to wash themselves or their clothes, they have to go to a river or stream where there are probably four or five others washing. If they want to go get water they have to the pump and wait in line behind three or four other people getting water. If they want to go any where by car, they most likely have to travel via Tap-Tap. The average Tap-Tap is a pick up truck, and there are twelve to fifteen people packed into it. I’ve seen tap taps with people literally sitting on the roof because the inside was so crowded. All aspects of life besides sleeping are done with dozens of people around. Privacy is a rare privilege most rural Haitians never get to enjoy.

In the US, most people can go days on end without needing to interact with anyone outside of their immediate family. When I was working this time last year, I could easily go from Friday night to Monday morning in my house and see no one besides my parents if I didn’t want to go out with my friends or go to church (this was rare, but was still possible). During my twenty minute commute to work, the only person I listened to was Steve Inskeep on NPR, I traveled by myself in my own car, not packed into the cab of a tap-tap with fifteen other people. Most Americans spend much more time alone or with their immediate family than the Haitians in La Croix do. As Americans, we spend most of their time away from other people, so we go out of our way to see people by cooking for them and having them over. Haitians have the opposite problem; they are constantly tripping over each other. Time alone is a privilege, which was why most Haitians didn’t linger with us as we assumed they would.

Once I realized this, once I began to consider how space affects people’s interactions, I began to understand other aspects of Haitian culture that had previously mystified me. Haitians don’t have the same notion of personal space as Americans do. The other day when I was riding back from repairing a well, I was in the back of the big truck with our supplies, and we picked up about ten teachers who needed to come to the mission. They piled in, and they were all over each other. They were leaning up against each other, resting each other, and it was no big deal. If I were to rest my hand on a friend’s thigh like I saw a few Haitians do, he or she would think I was coming on to them and quickly scoot away. If I saw someone else doing it, I would assume they were dating. Yet this was totally common behavior between Haitian friends. I began to speak with a group of male teachers about soccer, and pretty soon I had about three guys within eight inches of my face. The road we were traveling along was a bumpy dirt road, so I was constantly bumping into them and they into me. I was worried that I might spit on them or head butt one if we hit a big enough bump. I am a pretty affectionate person, but I also like my own personal space. Having three people so close to me was a bit unnerving for me, but was no big deal for the Haitians.

Just as I was writing this post, I saw Jethro, one of the guys who works here, and he was listening to music on his phone. He said to me “m’renmen mizik” (I love music), so I thought it would be nice for me to bring my computer out and share some of my music with him. I sat next to him, and he immediately scooted right next to me and began to stare at my computer screen. His face was about two or three inches from my shoulder amd neck, and he was looking right at my screen. I wasn’t doing anything secretive (and he can’t speak English so even if I was it wouldn’t have mattered), but it was a little unnerving. Imagine if you sit down at a coffee house with a friend and they come right up to you and lean in to see what you are doing. It wasn’t normal for me, but after thinking about how closely packed I see the children sit when they are in school, or how tightly seated everyone is at church, it made sense to me. This wasn’t uncommon for Haitians.

Haitian culture is, and will hopefully always be, a mystery. Just when I think I understand it, something comes my way and I am totally blindsided. Discovering Haitian culture has been one of the best parts of this experience. Not only have I emerged myself in another surrounding and learned about another way of life, but I have made so many great friends in the process. I just now need to figure out how I can thank them in other ways beyond inviting them over for dinner.

Speech to students

One of my last assignments here is to go around to all of the classes, from seventh grade to 10th grade, and promote the vocational school. Since I am an American, and people here view Americans as professionally successful, my presence will emphasize what I am saying. Below is the speech I am planning to give. Let me know what you think!

Ray

Thank you all for having me here today. I am honored to have worked with you these past few months, and I am privileged to call many of you my friends. The reason I came to Haiti, the project that drew me to the La Croix New Testament Mission, was the creation of a vocational school. This school would teach all of you a trade, a skill that you could use to not only find respectable employment, but to develop Haiti’s infrastructure and change her future for the better.

The school started in November and it is doing very well. We have five disciplines, sewing for seamstresses and sewing for tailors, masonry, electrical, and welding. We have great teachers teaching, but there is one thing we need to make the school really great. We need you. We need you to become a part of it. All of you have demonstrated that you are intelligent and capable students. We want to take the great potential you hold, the great promise you all hold, and unlock it. We can do this through the vocational school.

At the vocational school you will learn not only a trade but the best practices of that trade. You will learn how to implant true quality into the work that you do. You will be able to build things that will stand strong for years to come and help people live safer and more productive lives. You will learn to build the strongest homes that have electricity in them. You will learn to truly change people’s lives with what you create, erecting structures that turn communities into groups of people working for each other’s benefit.

You will learn in these classes the measures you need to take in order to be safe. You will learn use practices that will not only keep you from getting hurt on the job, but safe for those receiving your services. You will learn to build things that are safe and don't collapse in the storms. You will need to take the safety lessons seriously, and you will have to focus on creating high quality products. This will not be easy, and you will have to work hard. But if you work hard at this, if you really give this your all, you will be able to create a great life for yourself and you will provide your community with the tools needed to make a better life for everyone in it.

There are so many people around here who have made such a difference in the La Croix community with their trade. Gesner Phillipe was able to build a new school here, not only making a good income for himself, but he made a building that improved the lives thousands of students. Danielle the welder has is able to make gates for people, helping them keep their homes safer. The tailors and seamstresses can make dresses and suits that people will pay over 2000 GDS for. These men and women have improved their lives and the whole community. They have made people safer, healthier, and happier. 

This is a great skill you will have and no one can take it away from you. You can never lose this skill, you can only sharpen it the harder you work. This is a skill that you can take anywhere. It is a skill that will give you a good job in L’estere, in Brazil, in Gonaives, in the Dominican Republic, in St. Marc, in the United States, or right here in La Croix. If you work hard and finish from the school, you will be hired from the mission upon your completion from the school. If you cannot afford the school we will find a way for you to cover the tuition either by sponsorship or by working for the mission after your completion. I will be back here in January, and I hope to see all of you enrolled in these classes when I come back.

Thank you so much. I will keep you in my prayers and I hope to see you all learning a trade in January when I return!

A Trip to Paul

Saturday was really interesting and pretty fun. I got up around 5:30 AM to go up to the community of Paul and fix two wells there. Now there are two unbelievable things about this last sentence. First off, when I say “I went to fix wells” I don’t mean that I went alone to fix an entire well. I basically tagged along with Mark Gilbert and Dave Errett, two volunteers from the US who are very knowledgeable on well maintenance. Mark has been a commercial builder for over thirty years and Dave has been an environmental engineer for over thirty years. Both of these guys are incredibly knowledgeable and dedicated to the mission. I basically serve as their lackey who helps with the more mundane tasks while they do the big thinking. I have learned so much from both of them and I am incredibly grateful for the work they do, not only for the sake of the community but for my learning as well. I feel quite confident now on the basics of water well maintenance thanks to their help. And second, yes, I did voluntarily wake up at 5:30 AM on a Saturday to go do work. If there is any mark this experience has made me a changed person, look no further

Paul is up in the mountains and the road to get there is not as much a road as it is a dirt path with stones every where. Sure it’s clear of all brush and there are no buildings on it, but driving on it is kind of like riding a roller coaster, except there is nothing holding you down or keeping your car from falling uncontrollably. I generally have a pretty tough stomach for heights and relatively dangerous driving situations, but there were a few points today when I was worried the car would over turn and we’d go flying down the hill. The road is literally up a mountain, and there is no pavement or guardrail, so as I was forcefully bouncing up the mountains, my eye would occasionally catch the 4000 foot drop just three feet away. Even if the car kept on the road I was being jostled around so much I was worried I might just fly out the window if the car took a sharp enough turn. Fortunately everything was fine. Mark was driving and he did a great job.

When we got to the clinic at Paul, the location of the first well we unloaded and went to see the status of the well. Every well the mission maintains has at least one person who looks over it and keeps it locked up. Though I was tired from the early wake up, I was glad to be out early because it was nice and cool in the morning. We got to the first well at the clinic, and when we tried to pump water out everything seemed just fine. The pump seemed heavy, but water was coming up so we decided to move on and look at the next well.

We got to the next well, about a mile away, and we met with Tony, the member of the community who has been charged with maintaining the well. He said that we would have to walk about a half mile with all of our supplies to get to the well. There was a road but it was wet from the rain. We decided to drive and we were fine. The road was no worse than the other six miles we’d already driven that day. This is a somewhat interesting difference between most Haitians and Americans, most Haitians don’t really understand the capability of a car. Most Haitians don’t know how to drive, let alone what ideal road conditions are like. Tony wasn’t sure what the road would be like or if it would create any problems, but he was being considerate, he didn’t want us to get stuck. I don’t think he took into consideration the 100 plus pounds of equipment we had with us, but I appreciated his hesitation.

We got to the well and started pumping water. The handle was very difficult to pump, but the water was flowing. Then all of a sudden the water stopped coming up. We weren’t sure what was happening, so we began to take the well apart. This is one of the coolest things I’ve done, and I owe all of the success to Mark, Dave, and Roland. We basically had the Haitians all do the work while he instructed them on what to do. We did not do this out of laziness, but in order for the community to care about this well, we need to get them involved in the project. The work we had them do was very respectable work but it was hard. We wanted to give these people a sense of ownership for the community resources we give them. This will encourage them to take care of the well, and will hopefully erode the culture of handouts. We started by taking the wellhead off and arranged the sucker rod so that we could begin to pull the piping out  (the sucker rod is attached to the handle and when the handle is pulled this rod pulls on a neoprene cloth that creates a suction and draws the water up). Taking the well head off is a fairly complicated procedure, and if its not done correctly it could ruin the well, so we did that ourselves, but the rest of the project we had the Haitians work on.

There were three Haitian men under Mark’s direction, and they pulled the ninety feet or pipe out of the ground. We had them do this by have each Haitian worker fasten a pipe wrench onto the well pipe, and then lifting it as far as they could. Once they had lifted it as far as they could (usually about three or four feet) Mark would fasten a clamp at the base of the pipe while the three Haitians dropped their wrenches down three or more feet, and then they lifted again. This was a very slow process but it worked. We picked the well pipe up three feet at a time, and eventually got all ninety feet out.

The part of the well that does all of the work sits at the bottom of ninety feet of pipe. This section of the well is made of brass, and its basically a three foot cylinder with a small cone on the bottom that draws the water up. Inside is a neoprene cloth that, when pulled up, creates a suction and draws the water up. Eventually, when the pump is pumped enough that water comes up to the surface. Dave and Mark fixed one of the valves and then began the whole process of putting the well back together, basically lowering each section of pipe the same way they pulled it up.

The well was eventually put back together and the people began to pump out water. The pump was still “hard”, in that one had to push very hard repeatedly for the flow of water to begin. There were also random points in which there would be no water emerging from the nozzle on well, but it would be coming out the sides. This was very bizarre, but after about twenty minutes of ground water CSI, Mark and Dave realized that the pump was drawing water out faster than the ground water source could supply it. This meant that sometimes the pump was drawing up air instead of water. There is nothing that can be done to fix this, unless you want to dig a new well. What we could do however was to help educate the people on how to properly pump. Basically what we had to tell them is that they needed to pump slowly, with full strokes.

This was really great not only because we helped repair a well, but we got to see the Haitians take over and do what we needed them to do. We got to see the Haitians taking care of their community. All I can hope in the future is that at some point in the future, hopefully sooner rather than later, there will be a Haitian filling and taking care of this without me ever being there.  

Life Without Electricity

At 5:00 AM this morning I woke up. I was covered in sweat and I felt a bit disoriented. I wasn’t having a nightmare; I was just really hot and uncomfortable. I lay in bed for about ten minutes, trying to go back to sleep, and I eventually gave up. I felt like I was in a sauna, except that there was no cold pool I could go jump into in the next room over. Right when as I sat up I got tangled in my mosquito net, and after flailing around I eventually emerged from my bug free chamber and tried to find the light switch. I stumbled around, knocking into my bed and my chair, eventually finding wall and the light switch. Click….. Nothing. Click-click-click? Still nothing. My eyes had adjusted a little at this point and I looked at my ceiling to roughly make out the shape of my fan sitting motionless. This could only mean one thing. The power was dead.

The electricity situation at the mission is pretty complicated. We are hooked up to the public electricity, which I have deemed “Haiti Power”. I joke that Haitian power runs on Haitian time. It will eventually come on, but it might be late. Sometimes its off for an hour at a time, other times its off for a few days at a time. To supplement the power when Haiti power is off the mission has installed twelve solar panels. These solar panels charge two banks of batteries that have a combined power capacity of about 1400 Amp/hours. How quickly these 1400 Amp hours last depends on how much power the mission is using. When volunteer groups are here, the batteries will usually last for about three or four hours. When there are no groups here (like right now) they should last the entire night, though that’s not always the case, as last night demonstrated. An average day’s worth of sun can easily charge the entire battery bank, so we will always have power during the day when the sun is out, but once the sun sets, the batteries have nothing charging them. If they die, we have two diesel generators we can turn on that will provide the mission with the power it needs and charge the batteries. One generator is supposed to turn on automatically when the batteries reach a certain capacity, but for some reason the automatic start did not work this morning.

This inconsistent electricity is a pain, but at the end of the day it’s not that big of a deal. The only time it really bothers me is when I either can’t get my work done or I can’t talk with friends and family at home. Not having my fan running while I sleep or having to take a shower by flashlight is a minor inconvenience in comparison. 

This experience however has taught me an interesting lesson about the importance of electricity in our lives, and what living without it really means. Electricity is connected to almost everything productive we do. Without electricity and the only source of light being the sun, your day is over when the sun sets. You can’t really see enough to do anything productive at night, even if there is a full moon. This is not too difficult for the rural farmers, since they begin their day at dawn to avoid working in the hot afternoon hours, but it poses a big problem to the students who have homework to do and can’t finish it before sun down. When the students study for the state exams, they will often huddle together under a flashlight in order to work after dark.

The inconsistent supply of electricity also causes an inconsistent supply of water, this is why the only source of water beyond the streams and rivers is the water gathered from manual hand pumps. Though electrical pumps would be much less labor intensive, they are impractical because they would only work when the power worked. If the power was out for two days (which has been the case on multiple occasions), no one could get water for two days. The only reliable way to supply a community with water is, unfortunately, with a manually operated hand pump.

Probably the most significant consequence of this lack of power is that everyone has to basically learn to function without electricity. The school buildings have these large windows built in that let in lots of sun light in, and only two of the classrooms have any electrical hook up in them at all. Any profession that requires electricity is simply not possible to perform in the rural areas. All of the masonry, carpentry, and plumbing, students have to learn to work completely without electricity. The seamstresses and tailors all have to use mechanical sewing machines powered with a foot pedal to do all of their sewing. Any profession that requires the use of information technology is simply not possible in La Croix. The computers would not only go for days without power, but the power is so sporadic to begin with, they would randomly shut off, creating a huge data loss problem.

This inability to reliably and consistently deliver electricity greatly hamper’s Haiti’s capacity to develop. This problem not only plagues La Croix and the rural areas. During Aristide’s reign in the 1990’s and the early 2000’s he promised to deliver 24-hour electricity to the urban slums. This was one of Aristide’s many lofty goals, and like so many of the goals Aristide set forward, it was not realized. There are some technological implementations that could be made to improve the rural area’s access to electricity. If more homes had solar panels, they could potentially gain access to a reliable source of power, but this would be extremely difficult. Property rights are already very shaky in Haiti, and I feel that people would have a very difficult time protecting something as valuable as solar panels from theft or vandalism. This problem is one that must be met not only by the people but by the government. The government must either figure out how to adequately and equitably distribute power to the people of the rural areas, or secure property rights and up hold the rule of law fairly enough so that some firm can equitably supply people with the electricity they need.

I have hope for Haiti. Since I got here last September the main highway has improved dramatically. Improving a public highway is a little more complicated than developing an an electrical grid, but the political infrastructure needed to build a new road is the same infrastructure needed to supply people with consistent and reliable electricity. It might not be in a year, but I hope that in the next few years the rural farmers in La Croix will be able to install lights in their homes that can turn on when they flick the switch. In the mean time I just have to keep a flashlight closer to my bed. 

About the Welding Class

One of my tasks for the vocational school is to write a report explaining the  organization for each vocational class. I just finished the report on the welding class and I thought you would all be interested to see it!

(I don't know the proper spelling of Danielle's name so I just left it blank)

                          Welding Course Structure Report

This document contains the course curriculum and a course management plan for the Welding program at the La Croix New Testament Mission

                                                 Course Management Plan

Course Overview

Danielle _____ will be in charge of the Welding program at the La Croix New Testament mission school. Altenor Phillip, the superintendent of the La Croix schools will be overseeing the class. There are two main components to the welding program, (1) the theoretical course work and (2) the application of that knowledge to the construction profession in Haiti. Since welding is such a hands on craft, both of these components will be taught together. Danielle will instruct his students on the theory of welding and best practice methods, and then have the students practice the lesson directly after he has taught it. Danielle has been contracted by the mission to do most of the mission’s iron work. He will help the students practice their welding skills on the projects he has been assigned by the mission. This will not only help the mission be more productive, but it will help the students gain experience working on real projects.

Calendar:

Beginning of Course: November 2012

Expected completion for current class: May 2013

Danielle feels that the students will be adequately able to work as welders with about four months of preparation. For the current class of welders, he will work with them until the next class comes, and then he will give them some of the projects that the mission has assigned to him to the welders who have completed the course. They have been working recently on a gate and will begin to focus on making more chairs for the roof deck.

Weekly class schedule: The class meets five times a week. Two of the days will have a lesson incorporated in them, and the lesson will last for about one hour. The average week will have about ten hours of both course work and practical application. During every class the students will spend time working on their projects and practicing the lessons Danielle has taught them.

Apprenticeships:

The apprenticeship portion of the class is meant to give the students better preparation and training. Though this is not required by any governing entity, we think they will be beneficial for the following reasons:

1.     Welding is a physically demanding occupation and the students should be tested to see if they are physically capable before entering into the workforce as a welder.

2.     The apprenticeships will give the students a chance to better understand the theoretical material and better prepare the labor market.

3.     The students will be instructed on the safety issues associated with welding and the proper procedures to prevent any long term harm

4.     The students will practice proper welding techniques and learn how to use each tool to its fullest capability

5.     The best practices will be enforced during the apprenticeship and the students will go into the labor market knowing not only how to weld but how to deliver a high quality product.

The apprenticeships will be under the supervision of Danielle ____. They will focus on the welding projects for the mission. They are right now working on a gate for the mission and will address all of the metal needs for the new construction going on in Pacot and Paul. There has been a considerable amount of supplies donated to the welders by the American volunteers and right now they have everything they need to keep working. They will eventually need to replace their supplies, but that is not an immediate concern.

Work after Graduation:

Minimum expected wage upon graduation: 500 GDS per day. Depending on the skill of the student though, the wage can increase dramatically. For Danielle, a job for a house pays 8000-9000 HGD per job.

Hiring expectation: The students will be allowed to work for whomever they please upon graduation. If the students delay their tuition and owe money to the school, they will be able to repay the mission by working on different projects for the mission at a reduced salary. Pastor Pierre has a long list of building projects he is working on, and feels that he can help every student get started in their professional career by giving them project to work on at the mission. Pastor Pierre said that there is enough building in Pacot alone to employ this current class of welders as well as the and upcoming class of welders once they complete their course work. The students can use this experience to get started, they can also use this experience to get in touch with other masons, welders, and tradesmen who they can work with on future projects. Pastor Pierre feels confident that the students who graduate from this program will have many opportunities in La Croix and the surrounding areas (L’estere, Gonaives, Saint Marc) to find viable employment. The mission has a good reputation in the community, and Pastor Pierre and Danielle will give a good recommendation any student who has successfully completed the course.

Certification: There is no formal state certification for welders. The mission will award a certificate to each student who successfully completes the course. Given the good reputation of the mission, this certificate should help the students find employment around the La Croix area.

The Student Body

Student motivation: Pastor Pierre and Danielle want as many students to graduate from the welding program as possible, but they know that the program is not for everyone. Right now they have two students in the program. The two students are exceptional students and extremely motivated. The incoming class will have ten to fifteen students. Danielle wanted to use this time as a trial period so he took on fewer students. He now feels quite confident that he can instruct a class of ten to fifteen students and have enough projects to give each student adequate hands on training.

Evaluation: The students will be evaluated on two levels; written exams and performance on projects. Since there is no formal state exam, the majority of the student’s evaluation will be based on the students performance on the projects assigned to the student by Danielle. A student will not finish school unless he or she has demonstrated high ability and an understanding of high quality work. There will be an emphasis both in the theoretical teachings and during the projects on safety and the importance of using proper equipment.

Student Demographics:

The students in the welding program will be ages 15 and up. Right now there is one student who is 16 and one student who is 28. The students for the welding program do not have to be enrolled in high school. Since welding is a profession that can be taught relatively quickly, the classes will be open to members of the community as well as the high school students.  The students will need to demonstrate an understanding of basic mathematics, specifically measurements. The students will be encouraged to complete their high school education if they are enrolled in high school. This is not a possibility for all students however, so for those students who have a greater need to start providing for themselves and their families, they are able to drop out of high school and begin working full time once they finish the course.

Supplies:

Welder

Welder delco

Electrodes bank

3/8 Iron

1/4 Iron

1/2 inch angle iron

1/2 iron

Iron Clamp

Helmet and glasses

Cold Chisel

Welder Hammer

Framework saw

Blade saw

White paint

Minimum gallon

Inch brush

Sheet metal

1/4 inch profile

5/8 solid iron bars

3/4 inch flat iron

Measuring tape

Electric grinder

Aluminum Gallon

Drill

(For quantities, see attached spreadsheet)